ABZ Journal

We often hear success stories from people who do something risky like business and learn new things. This inspires us to do the same thing as the characters in the story. However, we forget that many people have done the same thing as this character but failed and we may be part of those people who failed. This is called survivorship bias. Survivorship bias is a logical error that occurs when someone focuses on those who succeed while ignoring those who fail. This bias can lead to inaccurate assessments or analyses because it need to take into account information from those who failed. During World War II, British statistician Abraham Wald was tasked with analyzing damage to aircraft returning from missions to strengthen protection. Returning planes showed damage in certain areas, and many argued for reinforcing these damaged areas. However, Wald realized that the analysis ignored non-returning planes, which may have been damaged in areas not visible on the returning planes. So, he sug...

In the digital age, technology professionals have an increasingly significant impact on the environment. Application developers, technology companies, and data workers can create systems that promote energy efficiency, reduce paper use, and support remote work, which reduces transportation emissions. Furthermore, the digital industry also generates significant energy consumption through data centers and electronic devices, making it a responsibility for technology workers to create more environmentally friendly solutions. The Role of Healthcare Workers Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers see firsthand the impact of environmental damage on human health. Air pollution can increase the risk of respiratory diseases, water pollution triggers various infections, and climate change increases the risk of disasters and health crises. Therefore, healthcare workers play a vital role not only in treating patients but also in educating the public about the relationship between the environ...

Ketika melakukan promosi di media sosial, ada beberapa hal yang tidak boleh dilakukan karena bisa merusak reputasi brand, menurunkan kepercayaan audiens, atau bahkan melanggar kebijakan platform. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui apa saja yang tidak boleh dilakukan saat promosi di media sosial agar upaya pemasaran Anda memberikan hasil yang maksimal. Berikut adalah hal-hal yang jagan dilakukan ketika promisi di media sosial: 1. Overposting Salah satu kesalahan umum adalah membanjiri audiens dengan postingan promosi setiap hari. Media sosial bukan hanya tempat untuk menjual, tapi juga untuk membangun hubungan dengan pelanggan. Jika isi konten hanya ajakan membeli tanpa ada nilai lain, audiens akan merasa terganggu dan perlahan meninggalkan akun Anda. Cobalah untuk menyeimbangkan konten promosi dengan informasi, hiburan, atau edukasi yang relevan dengan target pasar Anda. 2. Membeli Audience Palsu Godaan untuk terlihat populer bisa membuat beberapa brand tergoda membeli followers...

Ginger has long been known as a spice, cooking spice, and beverage. As a beverage, ginger is believed to have various health benefits. Here are the health benefits of ginger: 1. Warms the Body When consumed, ginger provides a warming sensation to the body. This warming sensation comes from gingerol, which helps improve blood circulation and provides a sense of comfort. Although it doesn't significantly raise body temperature, ginger can help a person feel more refreshed and relaxed. 2. Helps Maintain Digestive Health Ginger is known to aid the digestive system. It can help reduce nausea, bloating, and discomfort after eating. The active compounds in it help stimulate the digestive tract, allowing food processing to run more smoothly. 3. Helps Reduce Mild Pain Several studies have shown that ginger can help reduce mild pain, especially muscle pain after physical activity and menstrual pain. Although the effect is not as strong as pain relievers, regular consumption of ginger can be ...

Di dunia keuangan, menjadi seorang investor bukan hanya soal menyetor uang ke pasar saham, properti, atau aset digital. Lebih dari itu, menjadi investor adalah tentang mengambil keputusan berdasarkan strategi, data, dan intuisi yang terasah. Banyak orang tertarik untuk menjadi investor demi mencapai kebebasan finansial, tetapi sedikit yang memahami bahwa di balik kesuksesan seorang investor, terdapat keterampilan yang harus dipelajari dan terus dikembangkan. Berikut adalah skill yang harus dimiliki untuk menjadi seorang investor: 1. Literasi Keuangan Setiap calon investor wajib memahami dasar-dasar keuangan. Literasi keuangan mencakup pemahaman tentang laporan keuangan, seperti arus kas, neraca, dan laporan laba rugi. Selain itu, penting juga memahami konsep bunga majemuk, pengembalian investasi, dan margin keuntungan. Dengan literasi keuangan yang baik, kamu bisa menilai apakah sebuah perusahaan layak untuk diinvestasikan, serta memahami bagaimana uang bekerja dan berkembang dalam ber...

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) is a mental health condition that can occur after someone experiences or witnesses a traumatic event that threatens their life or physical integrity. PTSD can affect people of all ages and backgrounds and can develop after experiencing events such as war, sexual violence, serious accidents, or natural disasters. There are 4 main categories of PTSD symptoms, namely re-experiencing the bad experience as if we were experiencing it again in our minds, avoiding situations, places, conversations, people and other things related to the traumatic event, hyperarousal, and negative changes in mood and cognition. These symptoms can appear several months or years after the incident. To receive a diagnosis of PTSD, the symptoms must last for more than one month and significantly interfere with a person's daily life. Groups of people who are vulnerable to experiencing PTSD are war victims, military members, health workers and journalists. The reason this gro...

직장에서 불안감을 느끼는 것은 흔히 약점으로 여겨집니다. 하지만 경쟁이 치열하고 급변하며 타인과 비교가 빈번한 직장 현실에서, 이러한 감정은 사실 매우 인간적인 것입니다. 신입 사원부터 경험 많은 전문가, 리더에 이르기까지 거의 모든 사람이 이를 경험합니다. 중요한 것은 이 불안감에 어떻게 대응하느냐입니다. 이를 없애려고 애쓰기보다는, 제대로 이해하고 적절히 관리하는 것이 더 나은 접근 방식입니다. 다음은 이에 대처하는 방법입니다. 1. 불안감의 원인을 파악하라 첫 번째 단계는 불안감이 어디서 비롯되는지 파악하는 것입니다. 경험 부족 때문인가, 동료들과의 역량 차이 때문인가, 긍정적인 피드백이 부족하기 때문인가, 아니면 지원이 부족한 업무 환경 때문인가? 역량 격차에서 비롯된 불안감은 유해한 직장 문화에서 비롯된 불안감과는 다른 해결책이 필요합니다. 원인을 파악하지 못하면 잘못된 조치를 취할 위험이 있습니다. 2. 사실과 가정을 구분하기 많은 불안감은 객관적인 사실이 아니라 머릿속의 부정적인 생각에서 비롯됩니다. “나는 여기에 어울리지 않아”와 같은 생각은 대개 구체적인 증거로 뒷받침되지 않습니다. 실제로 사람들은 특정 자격 요건을 충족하기 때문에 채용됩니다. “이건 사실인가, 아니면 단지 가정인가?”라고 자문하는 습관을 들이면, 자신감을 갉아먹는 과도한 고민의 악순환을 끊는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 3. 건강하지 않은 비교는 피하세요 직장에서는 다른 사람들이 보는 것은 대개 훌륭한 아이디어나 주목받는 성과와 같은 결과물뿐입니다. 그들이 겪은 긴 과정, 실패, 그리고 압박감은 거의 드러나지 않습니다. 자신의 모습을 타인의 빛나는 성과와 비교하는 것은 부족함을 더욱 심화시킬 뿐입니다. 더 건강한 비교 방법은 시간이 지남에 따라 자신의 성장 과정을 돌아보는 것입니다. 4. 불안감을 자기 계발의 동기로 전환하세요 불안감은 본질적으로 하나의 신호입니다. 특정 분야에서 열등감을 느낀다면, 이는 아직 발전할 여지가 있는 분야임을 의미합니다. 전문 능력에 대한 불안감은...

La mayoría de la gente piensa que la investigación espacial solo tiene que ver con cohetes, satélites o la exploración de otros planetas. Sin embargo, muchas de las tecnologías que utilizamos en nuestra vida cotidiana surgieron de las necesidades de la exploración espacial. Para sobrevivir en entornos extremos, los científicos deben crear nuevas tecnologías que luego se desarrollan y se utilizan ampliamente en la Tierra. A continuación, te presentamos algunas tecnologías que surgieron de la investigación espacial. 1. Tecnología de satélites y navegación Uno de los mayores logros de la investigación espacial es la tecnología de satélites. Los sistemas de navegación como el GPS tienen su origen en el desarrollo de la tecnología de satélites para fines militares y la exploración espacial. Hoy en día, esta tecnología se utiliza en el transporte, los servicios de reparto, la cartografía digital e incluso en aplicaciones para teléfonos inteligentes. 2. Materiales resistentes al calor La inve...

If you look at a world map, you will find that many of the largest cities are situated by the sea or not far from the coastline. Cities such as London, Singapore, Tokyo, Shanghai, New York, and Jakarta developed in areas with access to the sea. This phenomenon is no coincidence. For thousands of years, coastal areas have been the most strategic locations for establishing centers of trade, government, and civilization. So, why do major cities tend to grow along the coast? 1. The Sea Was the First Transportation Route Before the advent of highways, railways, and airplanes, the sea was the most efficient transportation route for moving both people and goods. Ships could carry far heavier loads than the land-based transport of that era. Consequently, areas with ports evolved into hubs where traders, residents, and economic activities converged, eventually expanding into cities. 2. Easier Access to Global Trade Coastal cities enjoy an advantage due to their direct connectivity to other regi...

Agroforestry is a land management system that combines forestry crops with agriculture or livestock farming in one area. This approach is seen as an alternative to monoculture systems that tend to deplete the land's ecological functions. In practice, agroforestry offers various benefits, but also poses significant challenges. Advantages of Agroforestry 1. Diversification of Income Sources Agroforestry allows farmers to obtain income from various commodities such as food crops, fruits, timber, and non-timber forest products. This diversification reduces dependence on a single commodity and increases the economic resilience of farming households during market price fluctuations. 2. Improving Soil and Water Quality The presence of trees plays a role in preventing erosion, increasing organic matter content, and improving soil structure. Diverse root systems also help increase water absorption and reduce surface runoff. 3. Enhancing Biodiversity The combination of plants across differen...

지난 수십 년 동안 세계화는 세계 경제를 형성하는 주요 동력 중 하나가 되었습니다. 한 국가에서 생산된 부품이 다른 국가에서 조립된 후, 전 세계 시장에 판매되는 방식입니다. 이러한 시스템 덕분에 기업들은 생산 비용을 절감하고 소비자에게 더 저렴한 가격의 제품을 제공할 수 있게 되었습니다. 하지만 최근 몇 년간 세계화가 후퇴하고 있는 것은 아닌지에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있습니다. 이러한 의문은 세계 경제를 뒤흔든 일련의 중대한 사건들 이후에 제기되었다. 여러 국가와 기업들은 특정 공급업체나 지역에 지나치게 의존하는 것의 위험성을 깨닫기 시작했다. 하나의 유통 경로가 차질을 빚으면 그 영향이 여러 국가에 동시에 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. 그동안 효율성이 최우선 목표였습니다. 기업들은 이익을 높이고 경쟁력 있는 가격을 제시하기 위해 저비용 생산지를 찾았습니다. 하지만 이제 많은 기업들이 공급망의 회복탄력성과 안정성을 고려하기 시작했습니다. 그 결과, 일부 생산은 목표 시장과 더 가까운 곳으로 이전되거나 여러 국가에 분산되고 있습니다. 이 전략은 생산 비용을 증가시킬 수 있지만, 향후 발생할 수 있는 차질 위험을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 평가됩니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 국제 무역은 여전히 세계 경제에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 각국은 에너지, 기술, 식량, 산업 원자재 분야에서 여전히 상호 의존하고 있다. 따라서 많은 전문가들은 현재 일어나고 있는 현상이 세계화의 종말이 아니라 세계화의 형태 변화라고 보고 있다. 세계는 여전히 연결되어 있지만, 경제적 관계는 더욱 선택적으로 변하고 안보 요소를 더 많이 고려하게 되었다. 이러한 변화는 상품 가격, 투자, 그리고 각국의 경제 발전 방향에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 새로운 공급망의 일원이 될 수 있는 국가는 투자를 유치하고 일자리를 창출할 기회를 얻게 된다. 반대로, 적응에 실패한 국가는 경쟁력을 잃을 위험에 처하게 된다. 결국, 더 적절한 질문은 세계화가 후퇴하고 있는지가 아니라, 세계화가 어떻게 진화하고 있는지가 아닐까 한...

Fumar puede aumentar el riesgo de padecer diversas enfermedades, como trastornos cardíacos, accidentes cerebrovasculares, cáncer de pulmón y enfermedades respiratorias. Además, fumar también tiene un impacto real en la situación económica. El gasto diario en la compra de tabaco puede parecer insignificante, pero si se acumula a lo largo de los años, la cantidad puede ser muy elevada. Por eso, hoy en día muchas personas deciden dejar de fumar. A continuación te ofrecemos algunos consejos: 1. Establece Una Razón de Peso Determina la razón principal por la que quieres dejar de fumar, por ejemplo, por tu salud, por tu familia o para ahorrar dinero. Una razón clara puede servirte de motivación cuando vuelva a surgir el deseo de fumar. 2. Reduce el Consumo de Forma Gradual A algunas personas les resulta más fácil dejarlo reduciendo el número de cigarrillos poco a poco. Por ejemplo, si sueles fumarte un paquete al día, intenta reducirlo poco a poco hasta dejarlo por completo. 3. Identifica lo...

Rasa insecure di lingkungan kerja sering dianggap sebagai kelemahan. Padahal, dalam realitas dunia kerja yang kompetitif, cepat berubah, dan penuh perbandingan, perasaan ini justru sangat manusiawi. Hampir semua orang baik karyawan baru, profesional berpengalaman, hingga pemimpin pernah merasakannya. Yang membedakan adalah bagaimana seseorang merespons rasa insecure tersebut. Alih-alih mencoba menghilangkannya sepenuhnya, langkah yang lebih baik adalah memahami dan mengelolanya dengan tepat. Berikut adalah cara menghadapinya: 1. Kenali Sumber Insecurity Langkah pertama adalah mengenali dari mana rasa insecure itu berasal. Apakah karena kurang pengalaman, perbedaan kemampuan dengan rekan kerja, minimnya feedback positif, atau justru karena lingkungan kerja yang tidak suportif? Insecure yang muncul akibat skill gap membutuhkan solusi berbeda dibanding insecure yang lahir dari budaya kerja yang toksik. Tanpa mengenali sumbernya, seseorang berisiko mengambil tindakan yang salah. 2. Bedaka...

A derivative contract is a financial agreement between two parties whose value depends on or comes from an underlying asset. These assets include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates, and market indices. Derivatives are often used for hedging, speculation, or arbitrage.  Types of Derivative Contracts 1. Futures Futures are contracts that obligate buyers and sellers to carry out asset transactions at a predetermined price in the future usually traded on futures exchanges. 2. Options An option is a contract that gives the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a certain price before or on the expiration date. 3. Swaps Swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows or assets within a certain period. For example, exchanging fixed interest rates for floating interest rates (interest rate swaps) or currency swaps. 4. Forwards This contract is similar to futures but is done privately without going through an exchange (over-the-counter). This makes i...

Self-rewards after completing work or achieving certain targets are quite common for employees as a form of motivation. However, like anything else, this habit can have positive or negative impacts, depending on how and how often it is done. Here are the implications: Positive Impacts 1. Increase Work Motivation Self-rewards can be an encouragement to complete tasks faster and better. When someone knows that there is a reward waiting at the end of a task, they are usually more motivated and focused on working. 2. Helps Manage Stress Giving yourself small gifts, such as eating well, buying favorite items, or going for a walk, can be a healthy way to reduce stress due to work pressure. 3. Cultivate a Sense of Self-Pride Self-rewards help someone feel that they are worthy of appreciation, especially when the work environment does not provide direct recognition. This is important for maintaining mental health and self-esteem. Negative Impacts 1. Consumptive and Wasteful If self-rewards are...

In recent years, in many places around the world, people's spending patterns have changed drastically. Global political uncertainty, which has led to rising costs of living, economic uncertainty, and a flood of information, have made consumers more cautious in spending their money. This phenomenon has given rise to what can be called the era of frugal consumers, where purchasing decisions are based on a more rational evaluation of benefits and risks. A. Changes in Consumer Behavior in the Era of Frugality Frugal consumer behavior is characterized by several key characteristics, including: increased price sensitivity, a tendency to compare products, and an increased reliance on third-party reviews and recommendations. Consumers no longer consider simply wants, but rather needs and long-term utility.  B. Strategies to Implement  1. Replace Hard Selling with Value Selling Aggressive marketing strategies that emphasize urgency and psychological pressure tend to be less effective i...

En el ámbito de la economía y el comportamiento del consumidor, existe un término conocido como «efecto pintalabios». Este término describe el fenómeno por el que la gente sigue comprando pequeños artículos de ocio o símbolos de lujo en medio de una situación económica difícil como la actual. Este concepto surge de la observación de que, cuando el poder adquisitivo se debilita, muchas personas reducen las compras importantes, como coches, viviendas o bodas. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, siguen buscando formas de obtener bienestar y satisfacción emocional a través de productos relativamente asequibles, como pintalabios, perfumes, café, aperitivos, ropa o fragancias. Desde el punto de vista psicológico, el «efecto pintalabios» se considera una forma de compensación emocional. Cuando la presión económica aumenta, los consumidores tienden a buscarse «pequeños caprichos» para seguir sintiéndose bien en medio de una situación llena de incertidumbre. Por eso, algunos sectores logran manteners...

Religions develop under diverse historical, cultural, and geographical conditions. Some religions are now embraced by billions of people across various continents, while others have persisted and flourished within specific regions or communities for millennia. This disparity is not determined solely by the validity of a religion's teachings but is also shaped by historical, social, cultural, and political factors. The following are factors that influence the spread of religion: 1. Differing Missions of Propagation Some religions possess teachings that encourage spreading the faith to all humanity, regardless of ethnicity or nationality. Conversely, other religions focus more on preserving the traditions and identity of their specific communities, meaning that outreach to outsiders is not a primary objective. This difference in orientation significantly influences the extent to which a religion spreads. 2. The Influence of Political Power Throughout history, the spread of religion h...

Di banyak negara dan organisasi modern, sekularisme sering menjadi fondasi dalam mengatur kehidupan bersama. Namun, keputusan untuk menjadi sekuler bukanlah sesuatu yang muncul secara tiba-tiba atau tanpa alasan. Di baliknya, terdapat dinamika sejarah, keberagaman masyarakat, serta kebutuhan akan sistem yang dianggap lebih adil dan stabil bagi semua pihak. Berikut adalah alasan kenapa mereka menjadi sekuler. 1. Keberagaman dalam Masyarakat Salah satu alasan utama sebuah negara atau organisasi menjadi sekuler adalah karena masyarakatnya terdiri dari banyak agama, budaya, dan latar belakang. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, penggunaan satu agama sebagai dasar utama sering dianggap berisiko menciptakan konflik atau ketimpangan. Sekularisme kemudian dipilih sebagai titik netral agar semua anggota kelompok dapat hidup di bawah aturan yang sama tanpa memandang keyakinan.  2. Sejarah Konflik Internal Banyak kelompok menjadi sekuler setelah mengalami konflik panjang yang melibatkan agama dan kek...

Urban design is often considered merely a matter of aesthetics and spatial planning. However, the way a city is designed directly impacts the economic well-being of its residents, including daily expenses, job opportunities, and even their ability to save. A good city is not only comfortable to live in, but also protects its residents' wallets. 1. Transportation Costs Cities that rely on private vehicles indirectly force their residents to incur high costs for gasoline, vehicle maintenance, parking, and insurance. Conversely, cities with integrated public transportation, pedestrian paths, and bicycle lanes allow residents to save on routine expenses. This difference in transportation costs, in the long run, significantly impacts household financial health. 2. Access to Basic Services The distance between residence and workplace, and access to basic services, significantly determine residents' expenditures. The separation of residential areas from economic centers increases trav...

Durante las últimas décadas, la globalización ha sido una fuerza determinante en la configuración de la economía mundial. Los bienes se producen en un país, se ensamblan en otro y, a continuación, se venden en el mercado mundial. Este sistema permite a las empresas reducir los costes de producción y ofrecer productos a precios más asequibles a los consumidores. Sin embargo, en los últimos años han surgido dudas sobre si la globalización está en retroceso. Esta cuestión surgió después de que una serie de acontecimientos importantes perturbara la economía mundial. Los países y las empresas comenzaron a reconocer los riesgos de depender en exceso de un proveedor o una región concretos. Cuando se interrumpe un canal de distribución, el impacto puede sentirse en muchos países. Tradicionalmente, la eficiencia ha sido el objetivo principal. Las empresas buscan lugares de producción de bajo coste para aumentar los beneficios y ofrecer precios competitivos. Sin embargo, muchas empresas están te...

Merokok dapat meningkatkan risiko berbagai penyakit seperti gangguan jantung, stroke, kanker paru-paru, dan penyakit pernapasan. Selain itu, merokok juga memberikan dampak nyata terhadap kondisi keuangan. Pengeluaran harian untuk membeli rokok mungkin terlihat kecil, namun jika diakumulasikan selama bertahun-tahun, nilainya bisa sangat besar. Karena itu, sekarang banyak orang yang memutuskan untuk berhenti merokok. Berikut adalah tipsnya: 1. Tetapkan Alasan yang Kuat Tentukan alasan utama mengapa ingin berhenti merokok, misalnya demi kesehatan, keluarga, atau menghemat pengeluaran. Alasan yang jelas dapat menjadi motivasi ketika keinginan untuk merokok kembali muncul.  2. Kurangi Secara Bertahap Sebagian orang lebih mudah berhenti dengan mengurangi jumlah rokok sedikit demi sedikit. Misalnya, jika biasanya menghabiskan sebungkus sehari, cobalah kurangi secara bertahap hingga akhirnya berhenti sepenuhnya. 3. Kenali Pemicu Keinginan Merokok Perhatikan situasi yang membuat keinginan m...